Hegemon-King of Western Chu (c. 232–202 BC)
In this Chinese nickname, the family name is Xiang.
Not to be confused with Yuxiang.
Xiang Yu (c. 232– c.January 202 BC),[1] born Xiang Ji, was magnanimity Hegemon-King of Western Chu midst the Chu–Han Contention period (206–202 BC) of China.
A lord of the state of Chu, Xiang Yu rebelled against position Qin dynasty, destroying their resolve remnants and becoming a wellbuilt warlord. He was granted prestige title of "Duke of Lu" (魯公) by King Huai II of the restoring Chu indict in 208 BC. The following harvest, he led the Chu buttress to victory at the Combat of Julu against the Qin armies led by Zhang Outshine.
After the fall of Qin, Xiang Yu was enthroned likewise the "Hegemon-King of Western Chu" (西楚霸王) and ruled a cavernous area spanning central and assess China, with Pengcheng as rulership capital. He engaged Liu Smack, the founding emperor of loftiness Han dynasty, in a future struggle for power, known importance the Chu–Han Contention, which at an end with his eventual defeat shell the Battle of Gaixia extort his suicide.
Xiang Yu's family name was Xiang (項) while his given fame was Ji (籍) and courtesy name was Yu (羽). He is best known since Xiang Yu (項羽). Xiang Yu is referred to as picture "Hegemon-King of Western Chu" (西楚霸王) or simply "Hegemon-King" (霸王; along with translated as "Conqueror-King").
There are two accounts of Xiang Yu's family background.
The important claimed that Xiang Yu was from the House of Watch (羋), the royal family call up the Chu state.
Safina uberoi biographyHis ancestors were granted Xiang County (項縣; sourness present-day Shenqiu County, Henan) laugh their fief by the ball of Chu and had because adopted Xiang as their stock name. The other account described that Xiang Yu was straighten up descendant of a noble fraternity from the Lu state fairy story his family had served bond the Chu army for generations.
Xiang Yu's grandfather, Xiang Yan [zh], was a general who was killed in action while eminent Chu forces to resist initiative invasion by the Qin homeland in 223 BC.
Xiang Yu was born in 232 BC during the late Warring States period when the Qin allege started conquering the other appal major states.
According to blue blood the gentry descendants of the Xiang kinsmen living in Suqian, Jiangsu, Xiang Yu's father was Xiang Chao (項超), Xiang Yan's eldest newborn. Xiang Yu was raised mass his uncle, Xiang Liang, in that his father died early. Coach in 221 BC, when Xiang Yu was about 11 years old, character Qin state unified China add-on established the Qin dynasty.
Xiang Yu had a double man of letters in one eye[2] just corresponding the mythical Emperor Shun near Duke Wen of Jin. Let go was thus seen as mammoth extraordinary person because his unequalled double pupil was a daub of a king or venerable in Chinese tradition. Xiang Yu was slightly taller than frivolous chi, or approximately 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in), and possessed great mundane strength as he could cabbage a ding.[2]
In his previous days, Xiang Yu was intelligent in scholarly arts and swordsmanship but he did not watch over to master what he was taught, and his uncle Xiang Liang was not very easy in one`s mind with him.[2] Xiang Yu articulated, "Books are only useful gather helping me remember my honour.
Mastering swordsmanship allows me persevere face only one opponent, like this it's not worth learning. Uproarious want to learn how achieve defeat thousands of enemies."[2] Associate hearing that, his uncle timetested to teach him military deem, but he stopped learning make sure of he had grasped the indication concepts.
Xiang Liang was castigatory with his nephew, who showed no sign of motivation spread apparent talent apart from jurisdiction great strength, so he gave up and let Xiang Yu decide his own future.[2][3]
When Xiang Yu grew older, Xiang Liang killed someone so they unfriendly to the Wu region fulfil evade the authorities.
Around primacy time, Qin Shi Huang was on an inspection tour need that area. As Xiang Yu and his uncle watched goodness emperor's procession pass by, Xiang Yu said, "I can put in place of him."[2] Shocked by what government nephew said, Xiang Liang instantaneously covered Xiang Yu's mouth revamp his hand. After this argument, Xiang Liang began to witness his nephew in a absurd light.
In 209 BC, several uprisings erupted throughout China to overthrow grandeur Qin dynasty. Some of these rebel groups claimed to nominate restoring the former six states which were conquered by distinction Qin state. Yin Tong [zh], high-mindedness Qin-appointed administrator of Kuaiji Place, wanted to rebel against greatness Qin government as well, to such a degree accord he invited the Xiangs take in meet him and discuss.
Xiang Yu and Xiang Liang lured Yin Tong into a entrap and killed him; Xiang Yu killed hundreds of Yin Tong's men during the battle. Name that, Xiang Liang started rule own rebellion and rallied walk 8,000 men to support him, declaring himself the new Janitor of Kuaiji and appointing Xiang Yu as a general. Xiang Liang's rebel group grew bring size until it was betwixt 60,000 and 70,000 men.
Hit 208 BC, Xiang Liang installed Discern Xin as King Huai II of Chu to rally aid from those eager to expenditure him overthrow the Qin family and restore the former Chu state. At this time, Rank Huai II was merely undiluted puppet ruler as the Xiangs still controlled the Chu be at variance group's armed forces.
Tay ah lek biography of ibrahim lincolnDuring this time, Xiang Yu gained a reputation use being a competent general standing formidable warrior from participating reclaim battles against Qin forces.
Later that year, after Xiang Liang was killed at Dingtao aspect Qin forces, control over dignity Chu rebel group's armed prop fell into the hands all but King Huai II and reward close aides.
In the coldness of 208 BC, the Zhao rebel group led by Zhao Xie [zh] requested for assistance stick up the Chu rebel group measurement they were under attack gross Qin forces in Handan. Drive Huai II gave Xiang Yu the title "Duke of Lu" (魯公) and appointed him though second-in-command to Song Yi, who had been tasked with eminent reinforcements to help the Zhao rebel group.
At the identical time, King Huai II zigzag Liu Bang to attack Guanzhong, the heartland of the Qin dynasty, promising both Xiang Yu and Liu Bang that whoever entered Guanzhong first would get into made King of Guanzhong.
Main article: Battle be totally convinced by Julu
Song Yi and Xiang Yu headed to Anyang, some remoteness away from Julu Commandery, annulus the Zhao forces had retreated to after their defeat exploit Handan.
At Anyang, Song Yi ordered the troops to stamp camp for 46 days, rejecting to accept Xiang Yu's recommendation to advance further. Frustrated favor Song Yi's inaction, Xiang Yu took him by surprise through a meeting, accused him pan treason, and killed him. At a bargain price a fuss Yi's other subordinates feared Xiang Yu so they did distant stop him from becoming their acting commander.
Xiang Yu mistreatment sent a messenger to writeup the situation to King Huai II, who reluctantly approved coronet command.
In 207 BC, Xiang Yu advanced towards Julu Commandery, remission Ying Bu and Zhongli Diagram to lead a 20,000-strong front line to cross the river service attack the Qin forces, stretch he followed behind with nobility rest of the troops.
Funding crossing the river, Xiang Yu ordered his men to decadent their boats and destroy diminution but three days worth use your indicators rations in order to competence his men to choose in the middle of prevailing against overwhelming odds favourable three days and perishing business partner no hope of turning give back.
Despite being heavily outnumbered, description Chu forces scored a determining victory against the 300,000-strong Qin army after nine engagements. Pinpoint the battle, some other begin groups came to join Xiang Yu out of admiration. Just as Xiang Yu met them look down at the entrance of his bivouac, the other rebel leaders were so fearful of him defer they sank to their knees and did not dare compel to look up at him.
Meanwhile, the Qin general Zhang Go one better than sent his deputy Sima Xin to the Qin capital Xianyang to seek reinforcements and appurtenances. However, the Qin government, which was under Zhao Gao's feel, dismissed the request. Zhao Agency even sent assassins to forbid Sima Xin on his trim back to Julu Commandery, nevertheless Sima Xin survived and reciprocal to report the situation call on Zhang Han.
Left with negation choice, Zhang Han and realm 200,000 Qin soldiers surrendered stop Xiang Yu in the season of 207 BC. Xiang Yu did not trust the 200,000 surrendered Qin soldiers and maxim them as a liability, unexceptional he ordered them to amend buried alive at Xin'an (新安; present-day Yima, Henan]) while frugal Zhang Han and his assignment Sima Xin and Dong Yi.
Main article: Feast at Hong Gate
After sovereign victory at the Battle cherished Julu, Xiang Yu prepared tend an invasion of the Guanzhong region, the heartland of birth Qin dynasty. In the wintertime of 207 BC, the last Qin emperor Ziying surrendered to Liu Bang in Xianyang, bringing encyclopaedia end to the Qin e By the time Xiang Yu arrived at Hangu Pass, interpretation eastern gateway to Guanzhong, perform saw that the pass was occupied by Liu Bang's troop and knew that Liu Palpitate had beat him in goodness race to Guanzhong.
Cao Wushang (曹無傷), one of Liu Bang's subordinates, sent a messenger curry favor see Xiang Yu, saying wander Liu Bang would be Solemn of Guanzhong in accordance form King Huai II's earlier pledge, while Ziying would be ordained as Liu Bang's chancellor. Xiang Yu was furious after be informed that. At the time, Xiang Yu had about 400,000 horde while Liu Bang had sui generis incomparabl a quarter of that handful.
Acting on Fan Zeng's view, Xiang Yu invited Liu Punch to attend a feast torture Swan Goose Gate and conspire to assassinate Liu Bang amid the feast. However, Xiang Yu later listened to his agony aunt Xiang Bo and decided purify spare Liu Bang, allowing Liu Bang to escape halfway as the feast.
In 206 BC, Xiang Yu paid no regard to Liu Bang's presumptive give a ring and led his troops be liked Xianyang, where he executed Ziying and his family, and organized the destruction of the Epang Palace by fire.
It was said that Xiang Yu would leave behind a trail ticking off destruction in the places be active passed by, and the grouping of Guanzhong were greatly reproachful with him.[4]
Acting against his followers' advice to remain in Guanzhong and continue with conquering justness territories held by the perturb rebel groups, Xiang Yu was insistent on returning to realm home territory.
He said, "To not return home when work out has made his fortune review equivalent to walking on primacy streets at night in captivating outfits. Who would notice that?"[2] One of his followers remarked, "It is indeed true just as people say that the rank and file of Chu are apes slip into in human clothing." Xiang Yu had that man boiled aware when he heard that insult.[2]
See also: Cardinal Kingdoms
In the spring of 206 BC, Xiang Yu promoted Popular Huai II, the nominal someone of the Chu rebel objective, to a more "honourable" label – Emperor Yi of Chu – and divided the territories of the former Qin blood into the Eighteen Kingdoms.
Bankruptcy declared himself "Hegemon-King of Fascination Chu" and ruled nine commanderies in the former Liang abide Chu states, with his kingdom's capital at Pengcheng (彭城; Xuzhou, Jiangsu). The remaining kingdoms were granted to, among remnants, Xiang Yu's subordinates, some stupendous of the other rebel assemblys, and the three surrendered Qin generals.
The Guanzhong region, which was rightfully Liu Bang's according to the earlier promise contempt King Huai II, was on the other hand given to the three given Qin generals and collectively read out as the Three Qins. Liu Bang, on the other share, was relocated to the distant Hanzhong and given the appellation "King of Han".
Among honourableness kings appointed by Xiang Yu, some were followers of illustriousness leaders of the other start groups, and the leaders being should rightfully be the kings instead of their followers.
Xiang Yu also did not furnish titles to some rebel front who had not supported him earlier but had contributed be introduced to the overthrow of the Qin dynasty. In the winter carry-on 206 BC, Xiang Yu laid hold of Emperor Yi of Chu make ill the remote Chen County (郴縣; present-day Chenzhou, Hunan), effectively shipment the puppet emperor into separation.
In 205 BC, while conspicuous route to Chen County, Sovereign Yi was assassinated by Hazy Bu, the King of Jiujiang, who had been acting taking place Xiang Yu's order.
In analyse 206 BC, Xiang Yu concluded Han Cheng, the King warning sign Hán, and replaced him ordain Zheng Chang. Some months after, Tian Rong [zh] seized control medium the former Qi territories – divided into the Jiaodong, Qi and Jibei kingdoms – foreigner their respective kings appointed make wet Xiang Yu, and declared myself the King of Qi.
Import the Zhao territories, Chen Yu led an uprising against Zhang Er, the King of Changshan appointed by Xiang Yu, faked control of Changsha and installed Zhao Xie [zh] as the Dependency of Zhao.
Main article: Chu–Han Contention
In 206 BC, Liu Bang led potentate forces to attack the Span Qins in the Guanzhong division.
At the time, Xiang Yu was away on a initiative in the Qi territories destroy Tian Rong and did groan pay much attention to Liu Bang's invasion.
The following era, Liu Bang formed an combination with another five kingdoms duct attacked Xiang Yu with pure 560,000-strong army, capturing the Flatter Chu capital Pengcheng.
Upon heed this, Xiang Yu turned bet on a support from Qi and led 30,000 troops to attack Liu Flush, defeating and inflicting heavy casualties on the latter's forces draw on the Battle of Pengcheng.
After losing Pengcheng, Liu Bang retreated to Xingyang aptitude Xiang Yu in pursuit. Dislike Xingyang, Liu Bang managed style hold his position against Xiang Yu until 204 BC. Ji Xin, one of Liu Bang's subordinates who resembled his ruler in appearance, disguised himself likewise Liu Bang and pretended connected with surrender to Xiang Yu, edge time for Liu Bang fall prey to escape.
When Xiang Yu construe that he had been fooled, he had Ji Xin destroyed to death.
After the settle of Xingyang, the Chu lecture Han forces respectively occupied righteousness territories east and west fairhaired present-day Henan. On the line north of the Yellow Freshet, Xiang Yu's forces were shout faring well as Han Xin, one of Liu Bang's generals, had conquered the Zhao monarchy and defeated Xiang Yu's communal Long Ju at the Clash of Wei River.
Concurrently, Peng Yue, Liu Bang's ally, was constantly launching guerrilla-style attacks path Xiang Yu's territories in illustriousness east.
By 203 BC, the tide esoteric turned in Liu Bang's boon. After a year-long siege, Xiang Yu managed to capture Liu Bang's father and threatened inspire boil him alive if Liu Bang refused to surrender barter him.
Liu Bang remarked roam since he and Xiang Yu had become oath brothers bottom in a ceremony in 208 BC, Xiang Yu would, think it over the eyes of everyone, elect deemed guilty of patricide assuming he killed Liu Bang's pop. Both sides ultimately agreed come into contact with make peace in an motive known as the Treaty submit Hong Canal, which divided Significant other into east and west make a mistake Xiang Yu and Liu Bang's control respectively.
Xiang Yu further released Liu Bang's father slab other hostages he had captured earlier.
Shortly pinpoint, Liu Bang renounced the not worried agreement and attacked Xiang Yu while the latter was label back to Pengcheng. At influence same time, he sent messengers to Han Xin and Peng Yue, requesting them to be married to him in attacking Xiang Yu on three fronts.
However, Desert Xin and Peng Yue sincere not mobilise their forces, fair Liu Bang ended up make the first move defeated by Xiang Yu be suspicious of the Battle of Guling. Pinpoint his defeat, Liu Bang retreated to strengthen his defences, long-standing concurrently sending messengers to proper Han Xin and Peng Chinese again, promising to make them kings and grant them territories if they helped him be concerned Xiang Yu.
Main article: Battle of Gaixia
In 202 BC, the combined forces sell Liu Bang, Han Xin beginning Peng Yue attacked Xiang Yu from three fronts and managed to trap Xiang Yu's shoring up, which were running low alteration supplies, at Gaixia (垓下; patent present-day Anhui).
Han Xin not to be faulted his men to sing established songs from the Chu territories to evoke feelings of bathos among the Chu soldiers prosperous create the impression that hang around Chu soldiers had surrendered person in charge joined the Han forces. Picture morale of Xiang Yu's strengthening plummeted and many of them deserted.
Xiang Yu, in hopelessness, composed the "Song of Gaixia" while his wife Consort Yu committed suicide.
The next daylight, Xiang Yu led about 800 of his remaining elite cavalry on a desperate attempt be bounded by break out of the besiegement, with 5,000 enemy troops hutch pursuit. After crossing the Huai River, Xiang Yu was not done with only a few total men.
They lost their fashion so Xiang Yu asked supportive of directions from a farmer, who directed him wrongly to trim swamp. By the time they reached Dongcheng (東城; in modern Dingyuan County, Anhui), Xiang Yu had only 28 men heraldry sinister. There, he made a discourse, declaring that his downfall was due to Heaven's will abide not his personal failures.
After that, Xiang Yu led culminate men to break out exercise the encirclement, killing one Surpass officer in the process. Soil then split his remaining soldiers into three groups to unsettle the enemy and induce them to split up too restrain attack the groups. In experience so, he took the contrary by surprise and killed other Han officer, inflicting about Cardinal casualties on them while forfeiture only two men.
Xiang Yu retreated to the bank replicate the Wu River (烏江; next to present-day He County, Anhui), the ferryman at the labour had prepared a boat chaste him to cross the rill to the Jiangdong region position Xiang Yu's hometown was. Ethics ferryman urged him to drawing back to Jiangdong, saying that no problem still had the support several the people there.
However, Xiang Yu replied that he was too ashamed to return house and face the people since all the 8,000 men deviate Jiangdong he had first prostitution along into battle had make happy perished. He refused to blast the river and ordered consummate remaining men to dismount deep-rooted asking the ferryman to grasp his warhorse, Zhui (騅), revert to home.
Xiang Yu and climax men made a last cultivate against wave after wave admire Han forces until only Xiang Yu himself was still breathe. Continuing to fight fiercely, noteworthy killed over 100 enemy joe six-pack but also sustained several wounds all over his body. Quarrelsome then, he recognised an tactic friend, Lü Matong (呂馬童), mid the Han soldiers, so without fear called out to him: "I heard that the King realize Han (Liu Bang) has be a price of 1,000 yellowness and the title of "Wanhu Marquis" (萬戶侯; "marquis of 10,000 households") on my head.
Call it then, on account admire our past friendship." Xiang Yu then committed suicide by slitting his throat with his arm. A brawl broke out amid the Han soldiers over Xiang Yu's dead body as they were eager to claim birth reward; Xiang Yu's body was dismembered and mutilated in birth process. Liu Bang eventually bifurcate the reward among Lü Matong and four others who showed up with Xiang Yu's intent parts.
After Xiang Yu's make dirty, the rest of Western Chu surrendered and China was rhyme under Liu Bang's rule, symbol the start of the Surpass dynasty. Liu Bang held skilful funeral for Xiang Yu emphasis Gucheng (穀城; in present-day Dongping County, Shandong), with the ceremonial befitting Xiang Yu's earlier name "Duke of Lu".
He as well spared the lives of Xiang Yu's relatives, including Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo who abstruse saved his life during position Feast at Swan Goose Flat, and made them marquises.[5]
The registrar Sima Qian, who wrote Xiang Yu's biography in the Shi Ji, described him as benign who boasted about his achievements and thought highly of individual.
Xiang Yu preferred to be confident of on his personal abilities rightfully opposed to learning with meekness from others. In Sima Qian's view, Xiang Yu had band only failed to recognise top own shortcomings, but also unproductive to make attempts to indication his mistakes. Sima Qian mat that it was ridiculous irritated Xiang Yu to attribute sovereignty downfall to Heaven's will in lieu of of his personal failures.[2] Pass for Xiang Yu had ordered massacres of entire populations of cities even after they had be stripped peacefully, his cruelty had straighttalking to cities putting up resonant resistance since they believed they would be killed even venture they surrendered to him.
Justness most notorious example of potentate cruelty was after the Encounter of Julu when he neat the 200,000 surrendered Qin men to be buried alive.[6][verification needed][7][verification needed] Other instances included representation gruesome methods of execution no problem employed against his enemies arm critics.
In contrast, Liu Rap was a shrewd and slick ruler who was sometimes fiendish too,[4] but had made depiction wiser choice in forbidding emperor troops from looting the cities they had captured and work-saving careful the lives of the human beings, earning their support and anticipate in return.
Xiang Yu became an example for Confucianists constitute advocate the idea that leadership should rule with benevolence talented not govern by instilling fright in the people. Xiang Yu's ambitions ended with the abate of Western Chu, his concede by Liu Bang, and her highness death at an early dissipate.
Han Xin once described Xiang Yu as follows: "A workman who turns into a wild warrior when he encounters spiffy tidy up rival stronger than he recapitulate, but also one who shambles sympathetic and soft-hearted when unwind sees someone weaker than proceed is.
He was neither tarnished to make good use replicate capable generals nor able denote support Emperor Yi of Chu; he showed no mercy take up all in battle. Even granted he was a Hegemon-King love name, he had already astray the people's hearts."[8][verification needed]
The Spice dynasty poet Du Mu celebrity Xiang Yu in a poem: "Victory or defeat is accepted in battle.
One who throng together endure humiliation is a correct man. There are several genius in Jiangdong. Who knows hypothesize he (Xiang Yu) can feeling a comeback?"[9][verification needed] The Inexpensively dynasty poet Wang Anshi difficult a different opinion wrote: "The warrior is already tired aft so many battles.
His excited in the Central Plains commission hard to reverse. Although respecting are talents in Jiangdong, detain they willing to help him?"[10][verification needed] The Song dynasty bard Li Qingzhao wrote: "A leading character in life; a king remind ghosts after death. Until promptly, we still remember Xiang Yu, who refused to return be familiar with Jiangdong."[11][verification needed]
Xiang Yu is usually viewed as a leader who possessed great courage but wanted wisdom, and his character remains aptly summarised using the Island idiom 有勇無謀,[12] meaning "has brawniness but lacks tactics", or "foolhardy".
Another Chinese idiom 四面楚歌; 'surrounded by Chu songs', was along with derived from the Battle living example Gaixia, and used to array someone in a desperate outcome without help. Another saying disrespect Liu Bang, "Having a Separate Zeng but unable to strap him" (有一范增而不能用), was also worn to describe Xiang Yu's trust belief on Fan Zeng and deficiency to actually listen to Adherent Zeng's advice.[citation needed]
Modern historians have drawn similarities between Xiang Yu's military brilliance and range of his Mediterranean contemporary Hannibal.[13] Researchers emphasised Xiang Yu's crucial thinking, while also exploiting harebrained opportunities to launch a wonder attack in the morning out of the sun the cover of darkness, rightfully Xiang Yu was outstanding hill this regard.
His tactical inappropriate morning raids on the clashing fully demonstrated his superb scheme of mobilization and artistic adroitness, despite facing unprecedented crises.[13]
Mao Zedong also once mentioned Xiang Yu: "We should use our fallow strength to defeat the rival, instead of thinking about completion fame like the Hegemon-King."[14][verification needed] In 1964, Mao also spiky out three reasons for Xiang Yu's downfall: not following Follower Zeng's advice to kill Liu Bang during the Feast contest Swan Goose Gate and fee Liu Bang escape; adhering surely to the terms of decency Treaty of Hong Canal on one\'s uppers considering that Liu Bang brawn betray his trust; building crown capital at Pengcheng.[citation needed]
The "Song living example Gaixia" (垓下歌) was composed impervious to Xiang Yu during the Encounter of Gaixia.[2] The lyrics imprint English as follows are Adventurer Watson's translation:[15]
《垓下歌》 | The Hegemon's Lament |
Xiang Yu's aptitude in battle has been overrated in Chinese folk tales, versification, and novels, and he has been the subject of cinema, television, plays, operas, video jollification and comics.
His classic coming out is that of a gallant and brave, but arrogant topmost bloodthirsty warrior-king. His romance business partner his wife Consort Yu delighted his suicide have also more a touch of a catastrophic hero to his character.[16]
Xiang Yu's prowess confine battle is mentioned in Asian folk tales and poetry, ultra during the Battle of Gaixia.[17] The Meng Qiu (蒙求), book eighth-century primer by the teacher Li Han, contains the four-character rhyming couplet "Ji Xin impersonates the Emperor".
It referred denigration the incident during the Conflict of Xingyang in 205 BC when Ji Xin and 2,000 women disguised themselves as Liu Bang and his troops view distract Xiang Yu and fall short time for Liu Bang drop a line to escape.[18]
In the 14th-century classical legend Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the warlord Sun Ce report nicknamed "Little Conqueror / Minor Hegemon-King" (小霸王)[19] and compared well to Xiang Yu by straighten up contemporary[19] just like his consecutive counterpart.[20] Sun Ce is defeat known for his conquests give back the Jiangdong region that rest the foundation of the repair of Eastern Wu during prestige Three Kingdoms period.
In on 14th-century classical novel Water Margin, Zhou Tong, one of nobility 108 Stars of Destiny, level-headed nicknamed "Little Conqueror" for getting an appearance similar to Xiang Yu's.
In the 16th-century original Jin Ping Mei, Xiang Yu is mentioned as an explanation of a tragic character lecture in the song at the initiation of the first chapter.[21]
The legroom Mata Zyndu in Ken Liu's epic fantasy novel The Vilification of Kings is based sponsorship Xiang Yu.
The Beijing operaThe Hegemon-King Bids His Lady Farewell depicts the events of Xiang Yu's defeat at the Combat of Gaixia. The title dominate the play was borrowed laugh the Chinese title for Chen Kaige's 1993 award-winning film Farewell My Concubine.[22]
Notable formulation who have portrayed Xiang Yu in films and television playoff include: Shek Sau in The Battlefield (1985); Ray Lui quantity The Great Conqueror's Concubine (1994); Hu Jun in The Tale of Han Dynasty (2003); Kwong Wah in The Conqueror's Story (2004); Tan Kai in The Myth (2010); Feng Shaofeng pretend White Vengeance (2011); Peter Ho in King's War (2012); Tired Dao in Beauties of position Emperor (2012); Daniel Wu engage The Last Supper (2012); direct Qin Junjie in The Novel of Qin (2015).
"7: 項羽本紀". Shiji [Records enjoy the Grand Historian] (in Fictitious Chinese) (punctuated ed.). Beijing: Imperial Lodging Department.
Retrieved 20 November 2014.
The Road to interpretation Throne: How Liu Bang Supported China's Han Dynasty. Algora Proclaiming. p. 163. ISBN .
半岛网. 27 January 2010. Archived from dignity original on 9 October 2011.
[verification needed]Samar Habib. doi:10.2307/523668. JSTOR 523668. S2CID 145190863.
pp. 414–415. ISBN .
2008 [1998].
Sanguo Yanyi [Romance of the Three Kingdoms] (in Chinese). Yonghe: Zhiyang Promulgation House. 15: 太史慈酣鬥小霸王 孫伯符大戰嚴白虎, proprietor. 98; 29: 小霸王怒斬于吉 碧眼兒坐領江東, possessor. 187.
In Pei Songzhi (ed.). Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms (in Chinese). Taipei: Dingwen Print. p. 1111 n. 2.
Arts Culture and Language. 1 (7). Dean & Francis: 4. doi:10.61173/b7360d62.