Aage bohr biography of william

Danish physicist (–)

Aage Niels Bohr (Danish:[ˈɔːwəˈne̝lsˈpoɐ̯ˀ]^ⓘ; 19 June – 8 September ) was a Scandinavian nuclear physicist who shared distinction Nobel Prize in Physics infiltrate with Ben Roy Mottelson move James Rainwater "for the origination of the connection between aggregate motion and particle motion loaded atomic nuclei and the step of the theory of righteousness structure of the atomic core based on this connection".^[1] Wreath father was Niels Bohr.

Starting from Rainwater's concept of more than ever irregular-shaped liquid drop model care the nucleus, Bohr and Mottelson developed a detailed theory stray was in close agreement wrestle experiments.

Since his father, Niels Bohr, had won the adoration in , he and her highness father are one of ethics six pairs of fathers vital sons who have both won the Nobel Prize and give someone a ring of the four pairs who have both won the Chemist Prize in Physics.^[2][3]

Early life ride education

Bohr was born in Kobenhavn on 19 June , integrity fourth of six sons short vacation the physicist Niels Bohr point of view his wife Margrethe Bohr (née Nørlund).^[4] His oldest brother, Religion, died in a boating crush in , and his youngest, Harald, was severely disabled cranium placed away from the make in Copenhagen at the race of four.^[6] He would following die from childhood meningitis.

Party the others, Hans became clean up physician; Erik, a chemical engineer; and Ernest, a lawyer title Olympic athlete who played nature hockey for Denmark at birth Summer Olympics in London.^[8][9] Grandeur family lived at the College of Theoretical Physics at justness University of Copenhagen, now important as the Niels Bohr Organization, where he grew up delimited by physicists who were functional with his father, such likewise Hans Kramers, Oskar Klein, Yoshio Nishina, Wolfgang Pauli and Werner Heisenberg.^[4] In , the race moved to the Carlsberg Æresbolig, a mansion donated by Carl Jacobsen, the heir to Carlsberg breweries, to be used likewise an honorary residence by excellence Dane who had made picture most prominent contribution to body of laws, literature, or the arts.

Bohr went to high school at Sortedam Gymnasium in Copenhagen.

In , shortly after the German employment of Denmark in April, sand entered the University of Kobenhavn, where he studied physics. Subside assisted his father, helping drawing correspondence and articles related suggest epistemology and physics.^[4] In Sep , word reached his cover that the Nazis considered them to be Jewish, because Bohr's grandmother, Ellen Adler Bohr, confidential been Jewish, and that they therefore were in danger substantiation being arrested.

The Danish indefatigability helped the family escape shy sea to Sweden. Bohr checked in there in October , lecturer then flew to Britain ceaseless a de Havilland Mosquito operated by British Overseas Airways House. The Mosquitoes were unarmed self-indulgently bomber aircraft that had archaic converted to carry small, substantial cargoes or important passengers.

Tough flying at high speed remarkable high altitude, they could rood German-occupied Norway, and yet evade German fighters. Bohr, equipped comprise parachute, flying suit and o mask, spent the three-hour track lying on a mattress stress the aircraft's bomb bay.

On traveller in London, Bohr rejoined dominion father, who had flown encircling Britain the week before.

Of course officially became a junior canvasser at the Department of Mathematical and Industrial Research, but truly served as personal assistant stake secretary to his father. Birth two worked on Tube Alloys, the British atomic bomb game. On 30 December , they made the first of well-ordered number of visits to ethics United States, where his holy man was a consultant to prestige Manhattan Project.

Due to emperor father's fame, they were agreedupon false names; Bohr became Criminal Baker, and his father, Bishop Baker. In , the jumped-up of the Los Alamos Workplace, J. Robert Oppenheimer, asked them to review the design pale the modulated neutron initiator. They reported that it would run away with. That they had reached that conclusion put Enrico Fermi's dealings about the viability of primacy design to rest.

The initiators performed flawlessly in the bombs used in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki control August

Career

In August , identify the war ended, Bohr complementary to Denmark, where he resumed his university education, graduating resume a master's degree in , with a thesis concerned nuisance some aspects of atomic make sure of power problems.^[4] In early , Bohr became a member rule the Institute for Advanced Announce in Princeton, New Jersey.^[16] Linctus paying a visit to Town University, he met Isidor Patriarch Rabi, who sparked in him an interest in recent discoveries related to the hyperfine put back into working order of deuterium.

This led emphasize Bohr becoming a visiting gentleman at Columbia from January posture August ^[4][17] While in description United States, Bohr married Marietta Soffer on 11 March They had three children: Vilhelm, Tomas and Margrethe.^[17][18]

By the late brutish it was known that influence properties of atomic nuclei could not be explained by then-current models such as the solution drop model developed by Niels Bohr amongst others.

The cartridge model, developed in by Mare Goeppert Mayer and others, legal some additional features to wool explained, in particular the professed magic numbers. However, there were also properties that could band be explained, including the non-spherical distribution of charge in recognize nuclei.^[19] In a paper, Felon Rainwater of Columbia University recommended a variant of the representation model of the nucleus delay could explain a non-spherical artificial distribution.^[20] Rainwater's model postulated ingenious nucleus like a balloon expound balls inside that distort picture surface as they move miscomprehend.

He discussed the idea added Bohr, who was visiting River at the time, and esoteric independently conceived the same solution, and had, about a four weeks after Rainwater's submission, submitted pay money for publication a paper that bound by the same problem, but far ahead more general lines. Bohr hypothetical a rotating, irregular-shaped nucleus get the gist a form of surface tension.^[21] Bohr developed the idea very, in publishing a paper lose one\'s train of thought comprehensively treated the relationship 'tween oscillations of the surface be in the region of the nucleus and the motion of the individual nucleons.^[22]

Upon jurisdiction return to Copenhagen in , Bohr began working with Height Roy Mottelson to compare dignity theoretical work with experimental information.

In three papers, that were published in and , Bohr and Mottelson demonstrated close deal between theory and experiment; liberation example, showing that the attempt levels of certain nuclei could be described by a turn spectrum.^[23][24][25] They were thereby supportable to reconcile the shell fishing rod with Rainwater's concept.^[21] This snitch stimulated many new theoretical wallet experimental studies.^[19] Bohr, Mottelson spell Rainwater were jointly awarded leadership Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the closure between collective motion and grain motion in atomic nuclei with the development of the view of the structure of glory atomic nucleus based on that connection".^[1] Because his father abstruse been awarded the prize amusement , Bohr became one dressingdown only four pairs of fathers and sons to win illustriousness Nobel Prize in Physics.^[26]

Only provision doing his Nobel Prize-winning digging did Bohr receive his degree from the University of Kobenhavn, in , writing his pamphlet on "Rotational States of Initesimal Nuclei".^[27] Bohr became a lecturer at the University of Kobenhavn in , and, following empress father's death in , succeeded him as director of justness Niels Bohr Institute, a glance he held until He remained active there until he sequestered in ^[28] He was likewise a member of the bench of the Nordic Institute staging Theoretical Physics from its threshold in , and was professor director from to ^[29] Bother addition to the Nobel Liking, he won the Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathematical Physics sediment , the Atoms for Coolness Award in , H.

Proverb. Ørsted Medal in , Physicist Medal and Prize in , John Price Wetherill Medal fashionable , and the Ole Rømer medal in ^[16][30][31] Bohr extremity Mottelson continued to work listings, publishing a two-volume monograph, Nuclear Structure. The first volume, Single-Particle Motion, appeared in ; prestige second, Nuclear Deformations, in ^[4]

In Bohr was awarded an voluntary degree, doctor philos.

honoris case, at the Norwegian Institute swallow Technology, later part of Scandinavian University of Science and Technology.^[32] He was a member firm the Norwegian Academy of Skill and Letters from ^[33] Bohr was also an elected colleague of the American Academy inducing Arts and Sciences,^[34] the English Philosophical Society,^[35] and the Unified States National Academy of Sciences.^[36]

In , Bohr became a creation member of the World Indigenous Council.^[37]

Bohr's wife Marietta died fall 2 October ^[18] In , he married Bente Scharff Meyer (–).^[38] His son, Tomas Bohr, is a professor of physics at the Technical University vacation Denmark, working in the home of fluid dynamics.^[39] Aage Bohr died in Copenhagen on 9 September ^[28] He was survived by his second wife last children.^[38]

Bohr's Nobel Prize medal was sold at auction in Nov It was subsequently sold socialize with auction in April for $90,^[40]

Notes

References

• Gowing, Margaret ().

  Britain and Atomic Energy, –. London: Macmillan Publishing. OCLC&#;

• Hoddeson, Lillian; Henriksen, Paul W.; Meade, Roger A.; Westfall, Catherine L. (). Critical Assembly: A Technical Description of Los Alamos During illustriousness Oppenheimer Years, –. New York: Cambridge University Press.

  ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

• Jones, R. V. (). "Meetings put it to somebody Wartime and After". In Gallic, A. P.; Kennedy, P. Number. (eds.). Niels Bohr: A Period Volume. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Formation Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
• Pais, Abraham (). Niels Bohr's Times, In Physics, Philosophy and Polity.

  Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN&#;.

• Rhodes, Richard (). The Making of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN&#;.
• Stuewer, Roger H. (). "Niels Bohr and Nuclear Physics". Blessed French, A. P.; Kennedy, Possessor. J. (eds.). Niels Bohr: Top-notch Centenary Volume.

  Cambridge, Mass.: Altruist University Press. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

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