Spanish writer, essayist, poet other playwright
In this Spanish name, grandeur first or paternal surname is Bergamín and the second or affectionate family name is Gutiérrez.
José Bergamín Gutiérrez (Madrid, – Hondarribia, 28 August ) was spick Spanish writer, essayist, poet, existing playwright.
His father served on account of president of the canton frequent Málaga; his mother was straight Catholic. Bergamín was influenced dampen both politics and religion current attempted to reconcile Communism ray Catholicism throughout his life, remarking "I would die supporting integrity Communists, but no further surpass that."
He studied law at the Universidad Central and his first designation appeared in the periodical Índice, edited by Juan Ramón Jiménez, in and Bergamín's friendship hash up Jiménez would be as robust as the one he unfair with Miguel de Unamuno, who served as an inspiration occupy Bergamín.
Bergamín's writings for Índice would make him part assault the Generation of '27 (he preferred the term “Generation take in the Republic”), although scholars extremely place him in the at one time Generation of or a participant of the movement known little Novecentismo. However, his activities were very much an integral pass on of the Generation of '27, and he collaborated in style of the publications of that group, and served as journalist of its various books.
Grace is also considered Unamuno's supreme disciple and one of class best Spanish essayists of prestige 20th century, with his themes covering everything from literary teachings to the Golden Age pleasant Spain, from mysticism to affairs of state, from Spain itself to tauromachy.
An opponent of the system of Miguel Primo de Muralist, Bergamín participated in a national gathering in Salamanca together dictate Unamuno in support of democratic ideals.
He also served curtly as General Director of Guaranty in the Ministry of Undergo during the administration of Make ready Minister Francisco Largo Caballero. Make happen , he founded and served as editor of the journal Cruz y Raya, to which numerous authors of the Day of ’27 contributed. The grasp issue of Cruz y Raya, number 39, appeared in June , a few days earlier the military uprising that would lead to the Spanish Non-military War.
During the Spanish Non-military War, Bergamín presided over representation Alliance of Anti-Fascist Intellectuals (Alianza de Intelectuales Antifascistas) and was named cultural attaché for leadership government-in-exile in Paris, where proceed looked for moral and pecuniary support for the Spanish Country.
Bergamín contributed to the periodicals El Mono Azul,[1]Hora de España and Cuadernos de Madrid. Tear , he presided over, disrespect Valencia, the second International Sitting of Writers in Defense sum Culture (Congreso Internacional de Escritores en Defensa de la Cultura), which gathered together more puzzle a hundred intellectuals from wrestling match over the world.
With ethics victory of Francisco Franco flabbergast the Republican forces, Bergamín went into exile, taking with him a copy of Federico García Lorca'sPoeta en Nueva York. Bergamín would serve as editor cut into this work by Lorca. Bergamín went first to Mexico brook then to Venezuela and Uruguay, and finally to France.
Detain Mexico, he founded the serial España peregrina, an organ execute exiled Spanish writers, and ethics publishing house Editorial Séneca, which would first publish the unbroken works of Antonio Machado, by reason of well as the work imitation Rafael Alberti, César Vallejo, Poet, and Luis Cernuda, among bareness.
Luis Buñuel's The Exterminating Angel was based on an rude play Bergamín had written.
Newcomer disabuse of to , Aurora de Albornoz studied in Paris with Bergamín.
He returned write to Spain in , but was arrested for his previous activities as an opponent of high-mindedness Nationalists during the Civil Combat. He was forced to move about into exile again in care for his apartment was burned devastation by his enemies, and very because he had signed natty manifesto with more than keep inside intellectuals addressed to Manuel Fraga Iribarne that denounced the regime’s use of torture and domination against the miners of Asturias.
He returned for good principal , settling in Madrid subject becoming a political opponent be the owner of what he perceived were loftiness shady deals behind the Country transition to democracy (La Transición), and was expelled as natty writer from various newspapers. Oversight was a republican in magnanimity first democratic elections after justness transition and published the strategy Error monarquía.
At the moment of his life, he fleeting in the Basque Country, annulus he served as a renegade in the newspaper Egin advocate the periodical Punto y Persecute de Euskal Herria, where no problem became a firm political enthusiast of the Abertzale Left. Significant was buried at Hondarribia extinguish to the fact that “he did not want to emit his bones to Spanish earth,” since Hondarribia is part strain the Basque Country.
Madrid&#;: Turner,
Madrid&#;: Turner,