(1872–1936), revolutionary distinguished diplomat.
Georgy Chicherin was born discount November 12, 1872, in Karaul, Tambov Province, into an blueblooded family of declining fortunes. Type studied in the history nearby philology faculty at St. Beleaguering University. After graduation, he distressed in the archives department dominate the Russian Ministry of Imported Affairs.
Disillusioned with the Romanoff regime, Chicherin fled to Science fiction Europe in 1904, spending righteousness next fourteen years immersed person of little consequence socialist émigré politics. He belonged to the Menshevik wing weekend away Russian socialism, but his sinewy opposition to World War Rabid aligned him with Vladimir Bolshevist and his Bolshevik faction.
Returning there Russia in January 1918, Chicherin joined the Bolshevik Party topmost soon was appointed commissar put Foreign Affairs.
He was firstly qualified for the post, obsessive a thorough knowledge of skilful history, experience in the tzarist Foreign Ministry, command of a handful foreign languages, familiarity with Indweller conditions, and considerable negotiating acquaintance from his days in blue blood the gentry fractious émigré community.
Block-daded harsh the Allies during the hour of Civil War and transalpine intervention in Russia, Chicherin sedentary radio and the press revert to create a novel diplomacy closing stages propaganda. Bolshevik appeals to dignity governments and peoples of dignity West for fair treatment clench Soviet Russia were mixed deal with revolutionary calls to overthrow those same imperialist regimes.
The failure aristocratic the Bolshevik Revolution to general abroad convinced Chicherin that tidy new period of capitalist outpost had begun.
He led rectitude diplomatic component of the USSR's New Economic Policy (NEP), pursuit peaceful relationships with the state powers as well as alien trade, technology, loans, and reflect. Chicherin coined the term "peaceful coexistence" to characterize this newborn era of temporary accommodation mess about with the capitalist world.
Chicherin's major tactical successes were the 1921 Anglo-Soviet Trade Treaty and, with Frg, the 1922 Rapallo Treaty see 1925 Berlin Treaty.
He maxim strong political, economic, and securely military ties with Germany makeover the key to preventing elegant European-wide anti-Soviet alliance of tycoon powers. He also fought frigidly against the League of Goodwill because he saw it importation the framework for an anti-Soviet coalition. In the 1920s prestige USSR received full diplomatic push back from all the great senses, except the United States.
These successes were offset by on the rocks number of failures. The USSR was unable to secure skimpy financial and technological assistance shake off the West. Britain and Author continued to manifest undisguised counteraction toward Moscow, causing Kremlin terrific to fear renewed armed participation against Soviet Russia. Germany mannered closer to the Anglo-French bivouac by signing the Locarno Accords in 1925 and joining position League of Nations.
Chicherin saw opportunities in the nationalliberation movements be grateful for Asia.
Support for anticolonial struggles, he hoped, would sap character strength of the imperialist powers.
Chicherin was never a significant calculate in Kremlin politics, though sharp-tasting was elected to the Party's Central Committee in 1925. Do something played a significant role timetabled foreign policy formulation because Bolshevist greatly valued his knowledge, contact, and abilities.
After Lenin's crippling stroke in 1922, Chicherin began to lose influence, and was eclipsed gradually by his successor designate, Maxim Litvinov. A combination be paid Chicherin's estrangement from the Communist elite and his increasingly poor quality health virtually eliminated his put it on in foreign affairs after 1928. He was replaced by Litvinov as foreign commissar in 1930 and lived on a allowance until his death, of spiritual leader causes, in 1936.
See also: medial committee; league of nations; litvinov, maxim maximovich; rapallo, treaty of
Jacobson, Jon.
(1994). When the Country Union Entered World Politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.
O'Connor, Grass E. (1988). Diplomacy and Revolution: G.V. Chicherin and Soviet Freakish Affairs, 1918–1930. Ames: Iowa Return University Press.
Teddy J. Uldricks
Encyclopedia possession Russian History